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Table 2 Results from nested Cox proportional hazards models regarding the association between pack-years of smoking and 10-year ACS fatal or non-fatal event among cardiac patients (n = 2172)

From: Smoking determines the 10-year (2004–2014) prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: the GREECS observational study

Models for any ACS event

Hazard Ratio

95 % CI

p

Model adjusted for:

Model 1: per 30 cigarette pack/years

1.13

1.03,1.30

0.001

Age, gender

Model 2: per 30 cigarette pack/years

1.09

1.03,1.30

0.01

Age, gender, obesity, MedDietScore, physical activity

Model 3: per 30 cigarette pack/years

1.06

1.03,1.30

0.09

Model 2 plus history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and family history of CVD

Model for fatal ACS events: per 30 cigarette pack/years

1.08

1.03, 1.63

0.06

Factors used in Model 3

  1. Cox regression models were applied with the 10-year ACS event as dependent variable and potential confounders gradually adjusted in the models as follows: Model 1: age, gender; Model 2: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity; Model 3: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, family history of CVD; Cox regression model was also applied with the 10-year ACS mortality as dependent variable and the following confounders as adjusting factors: age, gender, Body Mass Index, MedDietScore, physical activity, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, family history of CVD