Table 1 Sample characteristics (n = 406) for waterpipe users in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2015
From: The use of planned behavior theory in predicting cigarette smoking among Waterpipe smokers
|  | Total | Exclusive Waterpipe Users (n = 288) | Waterpipe & Cigarettes Users (n = 118) |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Mean ± SD or n (%) | Mean ± SD or n (%) | Mean ± SD or n (%) | p-value |
Age | 26.97 ± 6.82 | 27.82 ± 7.02 | 24.89 ± 5.82 | < .001 |
Waterpipe initiation age | 20.99 ± 4.49 | 21.72 ± 4.71 | 19.20 ± 3.30 | <.001 |
Cigarettes initiation age | 19.72 ± 4.20 | NA | 19.72 ± 4.20 | NA |
No. of cigarettes smoked/week | 22.21 ± 39.18 | NA | 22.21 ± 39.18 | NA |
Years of waterpipe use | 5.98 ± 5.35 | 6.10 ± 5.44 | 5.69 ± 5.13 | .483 |
Waterpipe frequency use/week | 7.62 ± 6.92 | 7.70 ± 6.71 | 7.45 ± 7.45 | .742 |
Waterpipe session duration (min)a | 88.38 ± 45.34 | 86.67 ± 44.88 | 92.56 ± 46.39 | .238 |
TPB Constructs | ||||
 Attitude | 1.98 ± 1.12 | 1.72 ± .97 | 2.60 ± 1.21 | < .001 |
 Subjective Norms | 3.05 ± 1.17 | 2.92 ± 1.14 | 3.38 ± 1.19 | < .001 |
 Perceived Control | 3.67 ± 1.13 | 3.32 ± .94 | 4.51 ± 1.10 | < .001 |
 Intentions | 2.22 ± 1.69 | 1.58 ± 1.07 | 3.79 ± 1.87 | < .001 |
Marital Status | ||||
 Single | 267 (65.8%) | 170 (59.0%) | 97 (82.2%) | < .001 |
 Others | 139 (34.2%) | 118 (41.0%) | 21 (17.8%) | |
Education Level | ||||
 High school or less | 194 (47.8%) | 127 (44.1%) | 67 (56.8%) | .020 |
 College/ post graduate | 212 (52.2%) | 161 (55.9%) | 51 (43.2%) | |
Work Status | ||||
 Government employee | 139 (34.2%) | 108 (37.5%) | 31 (26.3%) | .002 |
 Non-government employee | 101 (24.9%) | 80 (27.8%) | 21 (17.8%) | |
 Self-employed | 22 (5.4%) | 15 (5.2%) | 7 (5.9%) | |
 Student | 125 (30.8%) | 75 (26.0%) | 50 (42.4%) | |
 Unemployed | 19 (4.7%) | 10 (3.5%) | 9 (7.6%) | |
Income/month | ||||
 SR 3000 or Less | 133 (32.8%) | 76 (26.4%) | 57 (48.3%) | < .001 |
 SR 3001 to 6000 | 70 (17.2%) | 48 (16.7%) | 22 (18.6%) | |
 SR 6001 to 9000 | 75 (18.5%) | 55 (19.1%) | 20 (16.9%) | |
 More than SR 9000 | 128 (31.5%) | 109 (37.8%) | 19 (16.1%) | |
Exercise | ||||
 Never | 117 (28.8%) | 73 (25.3%) | 44 (37.3%) | .095 |
 1 to 2 times per week | 184 (45.3%) | 135 (46.9%) | 49 (41.5%) | |
 3 to 4 times per week | 62 (15.3%) | 46 (16.0%) | 16 (13.6%) | |
 5 or more times per week | 43 (10.6%) | 34 (11.8%) | 9 (7.6%) | |